The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: the genus Ceratosoma J. E. Gray

The genus Ceratosoma (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae) is reviewed and seven species, including two new species, are recognized. Species of the genus are known only from the Indo-West Pacific and it is suggested that the external body shape is the most useful character in distinguishing species.     

Studies on the tropical marine fungi of Brunei

Driftwood, mangrove roots and branches, and seaweeds were examined for marine fungi from beaches, rocky shorelines, an artificial lake and mangrove stands. Ninety-five species, some new to science were recorded. This is the largest number of marine fungi reported from a single study. Our knowledge of the geographic distributions of these fungi has been extended. New and rare species are illustrated at the light microscope and SEM levels.     

On nine Tropodiaptomus-species (Copepoda,Calanoida) from equatorial East Africa

Of the nine species of Tropodiaptomus occurring in Equatorial East Africa, seven are redescribed and figured in great detail. Their relationships are discussed. A primary homonym is eliminated, and types are indicated wherever possible.     

A re-appraisal of two members of the genus Notholca from the Andes,with a note on the fine structure of the lorica of N. foliacea (Ehrenberg)

Rotifers described from the Andes by Murray (1913) and De Beauchamp (1939) as Notholca foliacea (Ehrenberg) are reviewed and re-assessed as Notholca walterkostei De Paggi, 1982. They are compared with N. foliacea and details of the lorica of this species seen with the scanning electron microscope are presented.     

Body wall organization in enchytraeids

The muscle organization of the body wall in some species of oligochaetes belonging to the Enchytraeus genus is described. No differences have been detected in their circular muscles, whereas longitudinal muscles show significant differences, allowing an easy identification of the various worm species. In particular, differences are noticeable in the external longitudinal layer. These observations suggest that structural and ultrastructural muscle fiber organizations can be used as a taxonomic tool.     

图论在中国慈姑属数量分类研究中的应用

慈姑属(Sagittaria L.)是水生单子叶植物泽泻科(Alismataceae)的一个重要属。近年来,陈家宽等对中国慈姑属进行了系统研究。作者应用聚类分析和主成分分析进行了中国慈姑属的数量分类,取得了良好的效果。由于慈姑属分类性状数目较大,因而在压缩后的三维空间中描述分类群间的距离,     

EVOLUTION OF PHACUS (EUGLENOPHYCEAE) AS INFERRED FROM PELLICLE MORPHOLOGY AND SSU rDNA

This research integrates a large morphological data set into a molecular context. Nineteen pellicle characters and 62 states from 13 euglenid taxa were analyzed cladistically. The pellicle morphology of Euglena tripteris (Klebs), Lepocinclis ovata (Conrad), Phacus brachykentron (Pochmann), P. oscillans (Klebs), P. pyrum (Stein), and P. triqueter (Dujardin) is described comprehensively. These data are compared with new information on the pellicle morphology of Euglena acus (Ehrenberg), E. stellata (Mainx), and Peranema trichophorum (Stein) in addition to published data on Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin), Euglena gracilis (Klebs), Distigma proteus (Pringsheim), and Petalomonas cantuscygni (Cann and Pennick). Nuclear small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences provided an independent test for establishing a robust organismal pedigree of the same taxa. A synthetic tree derived from the combined phylogenetic analyses of pellicle morphology and SSU rDNA enabled us to parsimoniously map morphological character states. This approach demonstrated the utility of pellicle morphology for inferring phylogenetic relationships of euglenids and establishing apomorphy-based clade definitions. Three robust clades with unambiguous pellicle-based apomorphies can be recognized within taxa traditionally classified as Phacus : (1) L. ovata and P. pyrum , (2) E. tripteris and P. triqueter , and (3) P. brachykentron and P. oscillans. Taxonomic concerns that emerged from these results are discussed.     

MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE FLORIDEOPHYCEAE (RHODOPHYTA) USING NUCLEAR LARGE AND SMALL SUBUNIT rDNA SEQUENCE DATA

Sequence data are presented for approximately 85% of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene for one member of the Bangiophyceae and 47 members of the Florideophyceae, the latter representing all but one of the currently recognized florideophyte orders. Distance, parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses of these data were used to generate phylogenetic trees, and bootstrap resampling was implemented to infer robustness for distance and parsimony results. LSU phylogenies were congruent with published nuclear small subunit (SSU) rDNA results in that four higher level florideophyte lineages were resolved: lineage 1, containing the order Hildenbrandiales; lineage 2, recovered only under distance analysis, composed of the orders Acrochaetiales, Balliales, Batrachospermales, Corallinales, Nemaliales, Palmariales, and Rhodogorgonales; lineage 3, containing the Ahnfeltiales; and lineage 4, composed of the orders Bonnemaisoniales, Ceramiales, Gelidiales, Gigartinales, Gracilariales, Halymeniales, Plocamiales, and Rhodymeniales. Analyses were also performed on a combined LSU–SSU data set and an SSU-only data set to account for differences in taxon sampling relative to published studies using this latter gene. Combined LSU–SSU analyses resulted in phylogenetic trees of similar topology and support to those obtained from LSU-only analyses. Phylogenetic trees produced from SSU-only analyses differed somewhat in particulars of branching within lineages 2 and 4 but overall were congruent with the LSU-only and combined LSU–SSU results. We close with a discussion of the phylogenetic potential that the LSU has displayed thus far for resolving relationships within the Florideophyceae.     

A world monograph of the lichen genus Gyalectidium (Gomphillaceae)

Seventeen new species of Gyalectidium have been discovered in various parts of the world, and those unexpected findings formed the starting point for a survey of the taxonomy and ecogeography of the genus. The following species are described as new in this paper: G. areolatum Ferraro & Lucking (Neotropics), G. atrosquamulatum Lucking & Kalb (Kenya), G . australe Lücking (Australia), G. conchiferum Lücking& Wirth (Chile), G. den-ticulatum Lücking (Costa Rica), G. fantasticum Ferraro & Lücking (Neotropics), G. flabellatum Sérus. (Australasia), G. fuscum Lücking & Sérus. (Africa and Papua New Guinea), G. gahavisukanum Sérus. (Papua New Guinea), G. kenyanum Lücking & Kalb (Kenya). G. laciniatum Lücking (Costa Rica), G. maracae Lücking (Neotropics), G. membranaceum Sérus. & Lücking (Canary Islands), G. minus Sérus (Canary Islands and southern Italy), G. novoguineense Sérus. (Australasia), G. puntilloi Sérus. (south-west Europe), and G. verruculosum Sérus. (Australasia). Calenia microcarpa Vzda [Syn.: Bullatina microcarpa (Vda) Brusse] is included in Gyalectidium as G. microcarpum (Vzda) Lücking, Sérus. & Vzda comb, nov., and G. catenulatum (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) Ferraro, Lücking & Sérus. is treated as a species different from G. ftlicinum . Gyalectidium corticola Henssen is transferred to Calenia as Calenia corticola (Henssen) Ferraro, Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. A key to all 29 accepted species of Gyalectidium is provided. The infrageneric phylogeny is constructed by means of a phenotype-based cladistic analysis, and the systematic affinities of the genus are discussed, accompanied by notes on the distribution and ecology of the species. Apothecia are not yet known in several species, including new ones.